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Carburetors have been around since the late 19th century when they were first developed by automobile pioneer (and Mercedes founder) Karl Benz (1844–1929). There were earlier attempts at "carbureting" in other ways. For example, the French engine pioneer Joseph Étienne Lenoir (1822–1900) originally used a rotating cylinder with sponges attached that dipped into fuel as they turned around, lifting it out of its container and mixing it into the air as they did so.

The diagram below, which I've colored to make it easier to follow, shows the original Benz carburetor design from 1888; the basic working principle (explained in the box below) remains the same to this day.

How does it work？

Air flows into the top of the carburetor from the car's air intake, passing through a filter that cleans it of debris.

When the engine is first started, the choke (blue) can be set so it almost blocks the top of the pipe to reduce the amount of air coming in (increasing the fuel content of the mixture entering the cylinders).

In the center of the tube, the air is forced through a narrow kink called a venturi. This makes it speed up and causes its pressure to drop.

The drop in air pressure creates suction on the fuel pipe (right), drawing in fuel (orange).

The throttle (green) is a valve that swivels to open or close the pipe. When the throttle is open, more air and fuel flows to the cylinders so the engine produces more power and the car goes faster.

The mixture of air and fuel flows down into the cylinders.

Fuel (orange) is supplied from a mini-fuel tank called the float-feed chamber.

As the fuel level falls, a float in the chamber falls and opens a valve at the top.

When the valve opens, more fuel flows in to replenish the chamber from the main gas tank. This makes the float rise and close the valve again.